This course explores the founding and re-founding of the American Republic. Consideration is also given to the divergent European visions that have challenged the Republic up to the present time. There will be directed readings of The Federalist Papers of Madison, Hamilton, and Jay; the speeches of Lincoln; The Gay Science, Beyond Good and Evil, Genealogy of Morals, and Twilight of the Idols of Nietzsche; and the Brothers Karamazov of Dostoevsky.